1991 - 1995
1991
CSNET (which consisted of 56Kbps lines) was discontinued having fulfilled its
important early role in the provision of academic networking service. A key
feature of CREN is that its operational costs are fully met through dues paid by
its member organizations.
The NSF established a new network, named NREN, the National Research and
Education Network. The purpose of this network is to conduct high speed
networking research. It was not to be used as a commercial network, nor was it
to be used tosend a lot of the data that the Internet now transfers.
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1992
Internet Society is chartered.
World-Wide Web released by CERN.
NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44.736Mbps)
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1993
InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific Internet services: directory and
database services (by AT&T), registration services (by Network Solutions
Inc.), and information services (by General Atomics/CERFnet).
Marc Andreessen and NCSA and the University of Illinois develops a graphical
user interface to the WWW, called "Mosaic for X".
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1994
No major changes were made to the physical network. The most significant
thing that happened was the growth. Many new networks were added to the NSF
backbone.Hundreds of thousands of new hosts were added to the INTERNET during
this time period.
Pizza Hut offers pizza ordering on its Web page.
First Virtual, the first cyberbank, opens.
ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode, 145Mbps) backbone is installed on NSFNET.
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1995
The National Science Foundation announced that as of April 30, 1995 it would
no longer allow direct access to the NSF backbone. The National Science
Foundationcontracted with four companies that would be providers of access to
the NSF backbone (Merit). These companies would then sell connections to groups,
organizations, and companies.
$50 annual fee is imposed on domains, excluding .edu and .gov domains which are
still funded by the National Science Foundation.
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